The Iowa, also known as Ioway, and the Bah-Kho-Je or Báxoje (English: grey snow; Chiwere: Báxoje ich'é), are a Native American Siouan people. Today, they are enrolled in either of two federally recognized tribes, the Iowa Tribe of Oklahoma and the Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska. The Iowa, Missouria, and Otoe tribes were all once part of the Ho-Chunk people, and they are all Chiwere language-speaking peoples. They left their ancestral homelands in Southern Wisconsin for Eastern Iowa, a state that bears their name. In 1837, the Iowa were moved from Iowa to reservations in Brown County, Kansas, and Richardson County, Nebraska. Bands of Iowa moved to Indian Territory in the late 19th century and settled south of Perkins, Oklahoma, to become the Iowa Tribe of Oklahoma. The Ioway tribe is also known as the Báxoje tribe. Their name has been said to come from the Sioux ayuhwa ("sleepy ones."). Early European explorers often adopted the names of tribes from the ethnonyms which other tribes gave them, not understanding that these differed from what the peoples called themselves. Thus, ayuhwa is not an Ioway word. The word Ioway comes from Dakotan ayuxbe via French aiouez. Their autonym (their name for themselves) is Bah-Kho-Je, pronounced [b̥aꜜxodʒɛ] (alternate spellings: pahotcha, pahucha, báxoje), which translates to "grey snow". Báxoje has been incorrectly translated as "dusted faces" or "dusty nose". The state of Iowa, where they once lived, was named after this tribe. Their name has been applied to other locations, such as Iowa County, Iowa City and the Iowa River. 
The Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska is one of two federally recognized tribes of Iowa people. The other is the Iowa Tribe of Oklahoma. The Iowa Reservation is located in Richardson County in southeastern Nebraska and Brown and Doniphan Counties in northeastern Kansas. It spans 1,500 acres (6.1 km2) of checkerboard lands, alternating between tribal and non-Native ownership. The Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska is headquartered in White Cloud, Kansas. The tribe is governed by a five-member council. The tribe owns and operates a dairy farm, fuel station, grain processing operation, Casino White Cloud, and the Mahuska Restaurant, located in White Cloud, Kansas. A Chiwere Siouan language-speaking people, the Iowa originally lived near the Great Lakes and were once part of the Ho-Chunk Nation. In the 17th century, Iowa people lived in northern Iowa and southern Minnesota. During the 1820s and 1830s, the tribe signed numerous treaties with the US federal government and were assigned a reservation near the Great Nemaha River near the Kansas–Nebraska border in 1836. In the 1870s, the tribe split into two groups, and the Southern Ioway moved to Indian Territory, while the Northern Ioway remained in Kansas and Nebraska. The Northern Ioway ratified their constitution and by-laws on 26 February 1937. During the period from the 1940s to the 1960s, in which the Indian termination policy was enforced, four Kansas tribes, including the Iowa, were targeted for termination. One of the first pieces of legislation enacted during this period was the Kansas Act of 1940 which transferred all jurisdiction for crimes committed on or against Indians from federal jurisdiction to the State of Kansas. It did not preclude the federal government from trying Native people, but it allowed the state into an area of law in which had historically belonged only to the federal government.
The Iowa Tribe of Oklahoma is the center of a Sovereign Nation with inherent powers of self-government recognized as such by treaties and legislation located in Perkins, OK. In the Iowa language, we call ourselves Baxoje (Bah Kho-je), meaning, “People of the Grey Snow.” The story of our name has been handed down from generation to generation. It was told that at one time the Iowa Tribe was 1,100 strong, meaning the warriors or men numbered that many. When men had to leave our village, upon their return, they looked down from a rise and they saw that our village had been burned. At this point, we had lost some of the translation to the story – it could have been another tribe or others that had burned it. But it appeared as though the village was covered with “Grey Snow,” even though the winter season was not upon us. For you see, the ashes had settled over the village site and all that was visible to the warriors were the burned remnants of what used to be our homes. Other versions of this story have been printed, but this is the one that we have been told. Iowa, defined by the Missouri River and Big Sioux River on the west and Mississippi River on the east, marks a shift from the Central Plains and the Eastern Woodlands. It fits within the Prairie cultural region; however, this region is seldom used, and the region is more commonly split between Great Plains and Northeastern Woodlands. Many tribes have migrated through or been forcibly removed through the region. Today, there are four federally recognized tribes in Iowa: the Omaha Tribe of Nebraska, the Sac and Fox Tribe of the Mississippi in Iowa, the Ponca Tribe of Nebraska and the Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska. 
The Ioway tribe, also known as the Iowa and Baxoje, is a Native American Siouan people. The French thought they had borrowed their name from Ayuhwa, the Dakota term applied to them, which signifies “sleepy ones.” They called themselves Pahodja, which means “dusty noses.” With the Missouri and the Otoe, the Ioway were the Chiwere-speaking peoples, claiming the Ho-Chunks (Winnebago) as their “grandfathers.” The state of Iowa, where they once lived, was named after them. The close linguistic relationship bears out this tribe’s single origin with the Winnebago, Otoe, and Missouria. Specific migration legends have been preserved, giving an account of this tribal complex’s movements and the time and circumstances of its separation. According to tradition, after separation from the Winnebago, the Ioway-Otoe-Missouri mother tribe moved first to Rock River, Illinois, near its junction with the Mississippi River, and then to the Des Moines River some distance above its mouth. After separating at the Iowa River into two bands, one, which became the Ioway, moved to the northwest. The Otoe-Missouri went on to the mouth of Grand River, where part remained, while the rest, the Otoe, went on westward up the Missouri River. The Ioway continued to roam about the region, later moving into the northwestern part of the state around the Okoboji Lakes and probably extended into southwestern Minnesota to the neighborhood of the Red Pipestone Quarry and the Big Sioux River. In the latter part of the 18th century, they passed over to the Missouri River and settled south of the spot where Council Bluffs now stands. About 1760, they moved east and lived along the Mississippi River between the Iowa and Des Moines Rivers. Their principal town was on the Des Moines River and, for a long time, at a spot in the northwestern part of Van Buren County. Early in the 19th century, some of them seemed to have moved farther up the Des Moines River, while others established themselves on the Grand and Platte Rivers in Missouri. At this time, they seem to have come into contact with the Dakota and suffered considerably as a consequence. Their estimated population in 1760 was 1,100; however, this number had dropped to only about 800 by 1804, a decrease caused mainly by smallpox, to which they had no natural immunity. In 1814, they were allotted lands in what was known as “the Platte Purchase,” extending from the Platte River of Missouri through western Iowa even to the Dakota country. By treaties signed on August 4, 1824; July 15, 1830; September 17, 1836; and November 23, 1837, they ceded all of their claims to lands in Missouri and Iowa, and by that of the Treaty of Prairie du Chien, signed on August 19, 1825, they surrendered all claims to land in Minnesota. Another treaty in 1836 assigned part of them a reservation along the Great Nemaha River, in present-day Richardson County, Nebraska, and Brown County, Kansas. However, it was considerably reduced by treaties made on May 17, 1854, and March 6, 1861. Later, part of the tribe was removed to Oklahoma to find homes in the present-day Lincoln and Noble Counties. Later, the Oklahoma tract held by the Ioway was granted to its occupants in severalty. Today, they are enrolled in either of two federally recognized tribes, the Iowa Tribe of Oklahoma and the Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska.
Iowa, North American Indian people of Siouan linguistic stock who migrated southwestward from north of the Great Lakes to the general area of what is now the state of Iowa, U.S., before European settlement of the so-called New World. The Iowa are related to the Oto and the Missouri. Living at the transition point between the territories of the Northeast Indians and the Plains Indians, the Iowa had a traditional tribal economy that combined hunting with agriculture. The people were semisedentary, living in villages, raising corn (maize) and other crops, and later trading pelts for European manufactured goods. Iowa houses were domed structures, and the people used tepees when hunting or engaging in other mobile activities. Like the Osage and the Kansa, Iowa warriors wore their hair in a scalp lock decorated with deer hair. They recognized three grades of battle exploits: participating in a victorious skirmish, killing an enemy, and decapitating an enemy. In the mid-18th century the Iowa people were estimated to number 1,100. In 1836 they ceded their lands to the United States and moved to a reservation on what is now the Kansas-Nebraska border. Some were later moved to a reservation in Indian Territory (present-day Oklahoma). Early 21st-century population estimates indicated more than 2,000 individuals of Iowa descent.
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