Mythologies of the Pangasinan (Bolinao) Tribe



The Pangasinan people (Pangasinan: Totoon Pangasinan), also known as Pangasinense, are an ethnolinguistic group native to the Philippines. Numbering 1,823,865 in 2010, they are the tenth largest ethnolinguistic group in the country. They live mainly in their native province of Pangasinan and the adjacent provinces of La Union and Tarlac, as well as Benguet, Nueva Ecija, Zambales, and Nueva Vizcaya. Smaller groups are found elsewhere in the Philippines and worldwide in the Filipino diaspora. The name Pangasinan means "land of salt" or "place of salt-making". It is derived from asin, the word for "salt" in Pangasinan. The Pangasinan people are referred as Pangasinense. The term Pangasinan can refer to the indigenous speakers of the Pangasinan language or people of Pangasinan heritage. The estimated population of the Pangasinan people in the province of Pangasinan is 2.5 million. The Pangasinan people are also living in the neighboring provinces of Tarlac and La Union (which used to be parts of Pangasinan Province), Benguet, Nueva Ecija, Zambales, and Nueva Vizcaya; as well as in Pangasinan communities in the Philippines and overseas. Prior to Spanish colonization, the Pangasinan people believed in a pantheon of unique deities (gods and goddesses).


Pangasinan, officially the Province of Pangasinan (Pangasinan: Luyag/Probinsia na Pangasinan, [paŋɡasiˈnan]; Ilocano: Probinsia ti Pangasinan; Tagalog: Lalawigan ng Pangasinan), is a coastal province in the Philippines located in the Ilocos Region of Luzon. Its capital is Lingayen. Pangasinan is in the western area of Luzon along Lingayen Gulf and the South China Sea. It has a total land area of 5,451.01 square kilometres (2,104.65 sq mi). According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 3,163,190. The official number of registered voters in Pangasinan is 1,651,814. The western portion of the province is part of the homeland of the Sambal people, while the central and eastern portions are the homeland of the Pangasinan people. Due to ethnic migration, the Ilocano people settled in the province. Pangasinan is the name of the province, the people and the spoken language. Indigenous Pangasinan speakers are estimated to number at least 2 million. The Pangasinan language, which is official in the province, is one of the officially recognized regional languages in the Philippines. In Pangasinan, there were several ethnic groups that enriched the cultural fabric of the province. Almost all of the people are Pangasinans and the rest are descendants of Bolinao and Ilocano that settled the eastern and western parts of the province. Pangasinan is spoken as a second-language by many of the ethnic minorities in Pangasinan. The secondary ethnic groups are the Bolinao-speaking Zambals, and Ilocanos. Popular tourist attractions in Pangasinan include the Hundred Islands National Park in Alaminos the white-sand beaches of Bolinao and Dasol. Dagupan is known for its Bangus Festival ("Milkfish Festival"). Pangasinan is also known for its mangoes and ceramic oven-baked Calasiao puto ("native rice cake"). Pangasinan occupies a strategic geo-political position in the central plain of Luzon. Pangasinan has been described as the gateway to northern Luzon.


The province of Pangasinan is located on the northwest part of the archipelago. It is bounded on the west by Zambales, south by Tarlac, southeast by Nueva Ecija, and northeast by Nueva Vizcaya, La Union, and Benguet. The Lingayen Gulf is located north of Pangasinan. “Pangasinan” is derived from the prefix panag and the root word asin, which means “a place where salt is made.” It also refers to the language, which is spoken along the central part in such towns as Alaminos, Mabini, Sual, Labrador, Lingayen, Bugallon, Aguilar, Mangatarem, Urbiztondo, Binmaley, Dagupan, Calasiao, Santa Barbara, Basista, Bayambang, Malasiqui, San Fabian, Mangaldan, San Jacinto, Pozorrubio, and Mapandan. Ilocano is the predominant language in the western towns of Anda, Bani, Agno, Burgos, Dasol, and Infanta, and in the eastern parts such as Laoac, San Nicolas, Sison, Binalonan, Tayug, Natividad, San Quintin, Umingan, San Manuel, Asingan, Santa Maria, Balungao, Villasis, Alcala, Rosales, and Urdaneta. Towns such as Manaoag, Santo Tomas, and Bautista generally speak both languages. Bolinao is spoken in the town of the same name. There are no conclusive data about the origins of the Pangasinense. One theory hints of Java as a possible point of origin because the techniques of salt making in the northern coast of Java closely resemble those of the Pangasinense. These techniques have made Pangasinan the source of the finest salt in the Philippines.


The 9th largest ethnic group in the Philippines, the Pangasinense population is concentrated in Lingayen Gulf, Pangasinan Province, in the central area of Luzon Island. Their language can be called both Pangasinan and Pangasinense.Pangasinan is the largest province in the Ilocos Region, with 44 municipalities. Its name means “land of salt,” derived from asin (salt) and the affixes pang- and -an (“place of”). Other principal economic activities apart from salt production are farming and fishing. The Pangasinense culture is a rich mix of Malayo-Polynesian, Hispanic, American, and Chinese influences.


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