The Kiliwa (Kiliwa: Ko’leeu) are an indigenous people of Mexico living in northern Baja California. Historically they occupied a territory lying between the Cochimí on the south and the Paipai on the north, and extending from San Felipe on the Gulf of California to San Quintín on the Pacific coast. Their traditional language is the Kiliwa language. The Nyakipa have sometimes been distinguished from the Kiliwa as a separate ethnolinguistic group within the southwestern portion of what is here considered Kiliwa territory. The limited linguistic evidence that is available for the Nyakipa indicates that they spoke the same language as the eastern Kiliwa. The Kiliwa Indians were hunters who inhabited northeastern Baja California. The Kiliwa lived along the eastern slope of the Sierra San Pedro Mártir and ranged down the Gulf Coast. Their habitat also extended into the Colorado Desert.
The Kiliwa live between the Cochimi and the Pai Pai in northern Baja California. While the Nakipa group is often considered separate from Kiliwa, evidence suggests that both groups spoke the same Kiliwa language. While the Kiliwa were believed to have been a large group at one point, the population had severely declined by the time of Mexican independence in 1821. Kiliwa, alternate Names: Kiliwi, Ko’lew or Quiligua (in Kiliwa: Koleeu ñaja') is a Yuman language spoken in Baja California, in the far northwest of Mexico, by the Kiliwa people. 76 people reported their language as Kiliwa in a 2020 census. However, a count in 2018 found only 4 speakers remaining. Kiliwa is a Yuman language of Mexico, considered by some linguists to be a member of the larger Hokan language family. Kiliwa is spoken today by only a few tribal elders.
Origins (myth kiliwa) The Kó lew were procreados by Meltípá jal (or), (coyote-gente-luna), who had voice of meltí, coyote, and was alone. To do not make ill of sadness created al man and its lineages. Meltípá jal (or) approached al "southern navel", took water and did buches that thrown toward the cardinal points they formed the south (kosei) yellow; the north (kiwiniel) red; the east (mes·' p) white and the west (nie') black. To create the latitude thought about the upper navel and created the mils™ (blue) and then the navel of down recognize as you recognizing it you or coffee. Satisfied of its work Meltípá jal (or) smoked while rested and with the smoke went himself forming the paths and the roads of the land and of the sky
KÓLEW (Kiliwa) are located in the north part of the territory of Baja California The kiliwa call themselves kólew, "man hunter". The language is also known by the names of quinicua, quiniwa, kolew, kj' wash, koj wash or kó jwaksh. Main settlements are located in the municipality of Ensenada. In the census of 2000, 52 speakers of this language were reported.Orígenes (mito kiliwa) Los Kólew fueron procreados por Meltípájal (u), (coyote-gente-luna), quien tenía voz de meltí, coyote, y estaba solo. Para no enfermarse de tristeza creó al hombre y sus linajes. Meltípájal (u) se acercó al "ombligo sureó", tomó agua e hizo buches que arrojados hacia los puntos cardinales formaron el sur (kosei) amarillo; el norte (kiwiniel) rojo; el este (mesép) blanco y el oeste (nié) negro. Para crear las latitudes pensó en el ombligo de arriba y creó el mils (azul) y luego el ombligo de abajo reconociéndolo como amate o café. Satisfecho de su obra Meltípájal (u) fumó mientras descansaba y con el humo se fueron formando las veredas y los caminos de la tierra y del cielo.
Mauricio J. Mixco
University of Utah
Kiliwa, sole member of one of the four branches of Yuman (within Cochiméi-Yuman), has under 8 fluent speakers, among some 35 members of its comunidad indígena. (census of 2000 is more accurate - reports 52 speakers) Poverty and the strictures of the kinship system have reduced the Kiliwa, from some 2,000 in the 1790s to their present numbers. They occupy a fragment of their aboriginal territory in the municipalidad de Ensenada, Baja California Norte, Mexico.
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The Bakarwal , (also spelled) Bakkarwal or Bakrawala, are a nomadic ethnic group who along with Gujjars , have been listed as Scheduled Tribes in the Indian Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh since 1991. Bakerwal and Gujjar is the largest Muslim tribe and the third-largest ethnic community in the Indian part of Jammu and Kashmir. They spread over a large area from Pir Panjal to Zanskar located in the Himalayan mountains of India. They are mainly found in the Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh . The Bakarwals claim the same origin as Gujjar. The Gujjars are known by many names: Ajjadh, Dohdhi Gujjars, Banhara Gujjars, and Van-Gujjars . The Bakarwals claim to have traditionally practiced Hinduism, before their conversions to Islam . The Ba...
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